Hematit
Hematit, chemický vzorec Fe2O3 (oxid železitý), je klencový minerál.
Název hematit je řeckého původu, haĩma - αιματoεις (krev) přes latinské haema a vystihuje barvu minerálu. Starší český název je krevel.
Obsah[skrýt] |
Vznik
Původ magmatický, hydrotemální (střední a nižší teploty), metamorfní i sedimentární (vysrážením z mořské vody).
Morfologie
Nejčastěji v zrnitých až celistvých, paprsčitě vláknitých až zemitých agregátech, složený z oválných útvarů velikosti hrachu až máku. Méně často v hrubě krystalických agregátech nebo šupinatý. Krystaly jsou vzácné, mají tvar šupinek, tabulek, romboedrů, často dvojčatí.
Vlastnosti
- Fyzikální vlastnosti: Tvrdost 5-6 (zemité formy i 1), hustota 5,2 g/cm³, neštěpný – odlučnost je podmíněna dvojčatěním podle {0001}, lom lasturnatý, křehký. Slabě magnetický.
- Optické vlastnosti: Barva: červená, hnědá, šedá až černá, lesk kovový, matný, průhlednost: průsvitný až opaktní, vryp višňově červený, červenohnědý.
- Chemické vlastnosti: Složení: Fe 69,94 %, O 30,06 %, příměsi Ti často až do 9 %, Mn, Al. Rozpustný v koncentrované HCl. Před dmuchavkou se netaví. Žíháním v oxidačním plameni se mění v magnetit.
Odrůdy
- spekularit
- hematitová růže
Podobné minerály
goethit, limonit, pyrofanit, ilmenit, magnetit, chromit
Získávání
Hematit se těží v povrchových dolech za pomoci těžké techniky.
Využití
Důležitá ruda železa, čistý obsahuje až 70 % železa. Jemnozrnný zemitý a mletý se používá jako barvivo (rudka) nebo lešticí prášek. Někdy jako ozdobný a drahý kámen (fasetové brusy, kabošony, gemy).
Naleziště
Hojný minerál.
- Česko – Narysov, Horní Blatná, Hradiště
- Slovensko – Rudňany, Rožňava
- Švédsko – Striberg, Norberg, Blötberg
- Ukrajina – Krivoj Rog
- Rusko – Kursk
- Brazílie – Matto Grosso
- a další.
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